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Radioation is unavoidable at particle accelerators like the LHC. The particle collisions that allow us to study the origin of mater also generate radiation. CERN uses active and passive protection means ,radiation monitors and varios procedures to ensure that radiarion exposure to yhe staff and the surrounding population is as low as possible and well below the international regulatory limits. For comparison note that natural radioactivity- is about 2400 micro Sv/year in switzerland.A round trip Europe -Los angeles flight accounts for about 100 micro Sv. The LHC tunnel is housed 100 m underground,so deep that bouth stray radiation genereted during operation and residual radioactivity will not be detected at the surface. Air will be pumped out of the tunnel and filtered.Studies have shown that radioactiviey released in the air will contribute to a dose to members of the plublic of no more that 10 micro SV /year. What are the rules regarding acces to LHC? Outside beam operation ,the larger part of the LHC tunnel will be only weakly radioactive ,the majority of the residual dose rates being concentrated in specific parts of machine ,such as the dump caverns-where the full beam is absorted at the end of each physics period -and the redions where beams are collimated. Only a selective of autirized technical people will be able to accesss the Lhc tunnel.A specialized radioation pro tection technician will acess it first and measure the dose rate at the requested intervention place,to assess when, and for how long,the intervention can take place. What is the helium consumtion at the LHC? The exact amount of helium loss during operation of the LHC is not yet know.The actual value will depend on many factors,such as how often there are magnet quenches,power cuts and other problems.What is well known is the amount of helium that will needed to coll down the LHC and fill it for first operation.This amount is around 120 t. |
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Comentariul lui:
22-09-2010 17:56:14
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Comentariul lui:
22-09-2010 17:56:33
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Comentariul lui:
22-09-2010 18:37:29
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